Savage Beast

Significance of a decent Elevator Pitch †While steadiness and creativity were additionally significant factors in getting Savage Beast's underlying venture, the speculator chose to contribute after just ten minutes. This suggests Savage Beast had a solid lift pitch that was both instructive enough and fascinating enough to snare a financial specialist. 2. Characterized jobs †When everyone recognize what their job in the organization involves, it akes for a very much oiled machine.When everyone has a Job to do and everyone is open and comprehension of the Job choices get made that are to the greatest advantage of the organization. 3. Manageable plans †There are a great deal of smart thoughts, however so as to be a fruitful organization these thoughts must have long haul balance. Without development, the organization will come up short. For example, if there is a music device with a little music library, nobody will contribute. 4. Corporate choices †It is significan t for everybody in upper administration to be on the same wavelength and to concur on organization decisions.When the ounders of an organization are not in understanding the whole organization endures. For this situation, I consider one them leaving was a decent choice. 5. Redirection †Taking a stage back and reconsidering objectives and alternatives can be an enormous pivot for a battling organization. There is no disgrace in halting one bombing system as long as the new technique has direction and bearing. Area C †Discussion Questions 1 . Where precisely did Savage Beast turn out badly? There was timing issues (the website crash), unreasonable objectives, and corporate disharmony, yet which were causes and which were impacts?

Culture A Powerful Gender Guide free essay sample

A conversation on how the way of life assume a job in womens advancement This article presents a nitty gritty assessment of the manner in which culture influences a womans picture. The author utilizes a few readings to represent how culture impacts a womans picture and decides their place in their way of life. Likewise, the author thoroughly analyzes the three readings to talk about the effect of culture on every lady in the readings. Culture in this case incorporates factors, for example, the manner in which the ladies have been raised, where they live, social issues, political positions and contemporary issues. All through the world, different societies assume significant jobs in sexual orientation improvement, desires and lives. Each culture has its own character, which drives the acknowledgment of specific norms, and patterns with regards to the manner in which ladies are affected and influenced. Social impact is more than religion or race conventions. It likewise contemplates the manner in which ladies are raised, political positions of the social society that the ladies live in just as other basic components. We will compose a custom article test on Culture: A Powerful Gender Guide or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While the way of life contrast around the world, there is one shared factor. Ladies are for sure influenced through their societies. Ordinarily creators utilize their work to mirror a standard, regardless of whether they concur with the standard. In three separate fields, creators have reprimanded the depiction of social effect on the ladies of that culture. Maxine Hong Kingston, Bessie Head, and Slavenka Drakulics are from various lives, societies and conventions anyway their composing share the ongoing theme of revealing the way of life sway on ladies.

WordPress Ping List (2017) Services [UPDATED]

WordPress Ping List (2017) Services [UPDATED] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!WordPress Ping List (2017) Services [UPDATED]Updated On 24/02/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WordPressShort URL : http://hbb.me/1Ox8rMi CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf you want to know about WordPress Ping List, then you should be aware of Update Services, which are tools that let others know that you have updated your blog. WordPress usually sends an XML-RPC ping whenever you publish (or update) a post. (XML-RPC is a remote procedure call protocol which uses XML to encode its calls and HTTP as a transport mechanism. via Wikipedia)WordPress Ping ListWordPress by default uses Ping-O-Matics server (rpc.pingomatic.com), which is a popular ping service. But apart from this, we also have some other popular and useful ping services, well be adding them to our WordPress ping list.BLOG POSTS NOT GETTING INDEXED PROPERLY? TRY THESE TIPS:6 Tricks To Get Your New Domain I ndexed Fast In Search EnginesThese services will help your blog and blog posts to index faster in majority of the search engines.If you have a popular authority blog, then the chances are high that your blog will be properly indexed asap you publish new content. But when you have a new or average blog then you might face issues with blog post-indexing, this is where this ping list comes handy. This will help the search engine bots to crawl your posts and index them quickly.Go to Settings > Writing > Update ServicesYou can now copy the content below (the list of URLs) and paste it there. Then go to the bottom and click on Save Changes button. Thats it; you have successfully updated your WordPress ping list.READReady Themes and CodeinWP: REVIEWNote: Edit the first two links with your site URL and name. http://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/pingSubmit?bloglink=http%3A%2F%2Fyourwebsite.com/ http://rpc.weblogs.com/pingSiteForm?name=YourWebsiteurl=http%3A%2F%2Fyourwebsite.com http://bing.com/ webmaster/ping.aspx http://ping.blo.gs/ http://blog.goo.ne.jp/XMLRPC http://blog.with2.net/ping.php http://blogping.unidatum.com/RPC2 http://blogpingr.de/ping/rpc2 https://ping.blogs.yandex.ru/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ae/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.at/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.be/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.bg/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ca/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ch/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.cl/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.cr/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.hu/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.id/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.il/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.in/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.it/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.jp/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.ma/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.nz/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.th/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.uk/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.ve/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.co.za/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.ar/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.au/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.br/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.co/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.do/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.mx/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.my/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.pe/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.sa/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.sg/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.tr/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.tw/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.ua/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.uy/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com.vn/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.com/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.de/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.es/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.fi/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.fr/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.gr/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.hr/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ie/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.in/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google .it/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.jp/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ki/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.kz/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.la/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.li/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.lk/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.lt/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.lu/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.md/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.mn/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ms/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.mu/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.mv/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.mw/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.nl/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.no/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.nr/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.nu/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.pl/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.pn/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.pt/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ro/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ru/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.rw/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.sc/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.se/ping/ RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.sh/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.si/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.sk/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.sm/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.sn/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.st/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.tk/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.tl/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.tm/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.to/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.tp/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.tt/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.tw/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.us/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.vg/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.vu/ping/RPC2 http://blogsearch.google.ws/ping/RPC2 http://news2paper.com/ping http://ping.bloggers.jp/rpc http://ping.fc2.com http://ping.rss.drecom.jp http://rpc.bloggerei.de/ping/ http://rpc.pingomatic.com http://rpc.technorati.com/rpc/ping http://rpc.twingly.com http://services.newsgator.com/ngws/xmlrpcping.aspx http://api.my.yahoo.com/RPC2 http://api.my.yahoo.com/rss/pingSo whenever you pub lish a new content, WordPress will automatically notify these site update services (Ping services). The ones mentioned in the WordPress Codex are kind of outdated, so I modified the list a bit and published it here.Earlier people used to ping their blog posts and article manually using such services, but now thanks to WordPress, this is simplified.GOOGLE CRAWLING YOUR WEBSITE/BLOG SLOWLY? NEVER AGAIN!15+ Practical Tips To Increase Your Website Crawl Rate EasilyWell be updating this list whenever we get any new ping services. If you know any popular ping services for WordPress and other networks, do let us know in the comments below, well update this list.

Animal Farm - Character Analysis- Boxer the Horse Essay

Empathy can be defined as ‘the power of identifying oneself mentally and emotionally with a person or object’. When reading novels, we are able to relate to some characters through similar experiences and emotions and so these characters often invite our understanding and empathy. In George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm, Boxer the horse invites our empathy. We empathise with Boxer and the way in which the pig Napoleon, the leader of Animal Farm, takes advantage of his good-natured personality and manipulates him into following all orders. Boxer is unaware of the fact that he is being taken advantage of and that Napoleon has forced him into being the main labourer in the long, strenuous construction of the windmill. Despite his apparent†¦show more content†¦Despite this injury and the fact that animals’ morale had been shattered, Boxer began hard work again and refused to take a day off. Boxer only had one aspiration left which was to see the windmill well into action before it was time for him to retire. Another example of Boxer’s strong personality in times of hardship is the night in which the executions of the animals that admitted to having been deceitful to their fellow comrades by taking Snowball’s side took place and Boxer stated that to overcome the faults amongst the farm’s animals, he was going to work harder. By now the responder clearly realises that the strong relationship between Boxer and Napoleon is obviously a negative one. It saddens the responder and invites their empathy to find Boxer to be so oblivious to what is going on around him and at the same time his level of incomprehension creates a feeling of slight frustration in a sympathetic type of sense. A strong feeling of dislike is formed towards Napoleon as he so easily controls Boxer, forcing him to do such tough, punishing labour as he is aware that Boxer is extremely loyal to his superiors and happily prepared to complete all set tasks. Boxer and the other animals fall victim to the pigs’ cunning ways, but besides the easily convinced sheep and Boxer, the other animals are aware of this but are too frightened or cowardly to put a stop to it, for fear of being accused of treachery and then executed. Boxer also shares a strongShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worseRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1405 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary analysis of Animal Farm The rebellion was to escape from people and their cruel ways, but can they escape the death-grip of their own kind? The animals of animal farms are mistreated and have no rights. Mr and Mrs. Jones were the owners of Manor Farm, the human oppressors, and authoritarians of the animals. The animals rebel against the Jones and take over the farm. They create a utopian society for themselves, but the utopia quickly turns into a dystopia when the pigs take control ofRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm1711 Words   |  7 Pages1A. Mr. Jones is a significant character because his actions and bad deeds provoked the animal rebellion, similarly to how Tsar Nicholas II ignorance led his abdication, ending the Romanov rule and replacing it with the new Bolshevik government (Krieger 185). Moreover, in the story, the animals replaced what used to be â€Å"Manor Farm† to â€Å"Animal Farm†, and Orwell does this to resemble the transformation of Russia’s government. There are other events in the story that parallel the true events that resembleRead MoreAnimal Farm Theme2655 Words   |  11 PagesTheme Analysis The theme of Animal Farm is not difficult to understand. Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States. Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia. Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical.In his self-proclaimedRead MoreEssay on Analysis of John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men2005 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men    Steinbecks ‘Of Mice and Men’ is a novel about people, their dreams, relationships and disappointments.   The characters are diverse and represent a cross section of society during the American Depression of the 1930s.   The novel is set in Steinbecks birthplace of Salinas Valley, California, and it is at the ranch where he grew up that we meet the majority of characters.   There are three specific locations in the novel where most of theRead MoreCharacter Analysis in of Mice and Men2098 Words   |  9 PagesCHARACTER ANALYSIS George George is the second main character and one of the protagonist after Lennie in Of Mice and Men. When Lennie gets into trouble, He always helps him find a solution or get away, though Lennie’s size combined with his mental handicap caused problems frequently. He is also a planner, telling Lennie where he should go if there is trouble on the ranch. To make the dream which is owing a ten-acre farm becomes a reality, He’s competent to work hard. Unlike theRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslooking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. 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I wanted to be like them. Dad had an older brother named Sabahudin in the old Yugoslavia. They called him Sapko, my older brother was named after him. Sabahudin was a boxer, a real talent. He was fighting for BK Radnicki in the city Kragujevac and became Yugoslavic Champion with his club, and a national team boxer. But in 1967, when the guy was just had gotten married, and only twenty three years old, he swam out into the Neretva river. There were some currents and stuff and I think he

The Limitations Of Science On Human Health - 1090 Words

The Limitations Imposed on Scientific Findings by God Society today greatly influenced by scientific research, not limited only to advances in technology, but also in our worldview. The assumptions of science often regarded highly by scientists themselves and the public, but there are limitations of science not always appreciated. Therefore, to evaluate the impact of science on human health, well-being, and its effect on our worldview it is important to consider these limitations. Especially when the conclusions of science may contradict religious beliefs, and its effect on our worldview First major limitation of science, it is not a religion and cannot answer religious questions, there forth, it cannot come to religious conclusions. Despite this fact, sometimes the scientific environment comes to assumptions that contradict the literal knowledge of the Bible. However, this is not surprising and neither does it show that the Bible is inaccurate. Religion and Science operates differently, therefore, they often disagree. In addition, there are limitations in the scientific methods that often not necessarily appreciated by the apologists of science nor the public. Religious and scientific conclusions may differ for the numerous reasons: subject matter difference for science and Religion. A religion major concern lies with ultimate truth and meaning, however, science is concerned with truth regarding the material world with focus on current evidence. However, thereShow MoreRelatedHealth Portability And Accountability Act ( Hipaa )953 Words   |  4 Pagesresults b e used against them? Background: - Knowledge of the human genome, and an increase in the availability of genetic testing at lower cost has made genetic testing more popular. - Results provided through genetic testing enables doctors to be more informed in terms of their patients; allows regular screening practices, or treatment planning at early stages. (Genetics Home Reference, 2017). Who has access to Medical Records: Health Insures Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)- allowsRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome1415 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic and Reproductive Sciences Abstract This paper is based on genetic and reproductive science and their benefits and limitations regarding individuals, families, and society. The paper covers the screening and treatment for diabetes and what methods are used to prevent it development. The paper also contains information regarding In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and its benefits for individuals and families. The use stems cells and its advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. Read MoreHow Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical1309 Words   |  6 PagesHow do the contributions of animal testing to global medical science justify whether or not it should be banned? 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However, many are stillRead MoreThe Intervention Of Biotechnology On Life Takes Two Forms Of Therapy And Enhancement1705 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as the prevention or cure of disease, or as the restoration or approximation of return to normal physiological function. Enhancement is defined as the alteration of individual (or group) characteristics, traits, and abilities (both health- and non-health-related) beyond a measurable baseline of normal function† (41). Therapy is focused on restoration of our integrity while assisting natural physiology, whereas enhancement is focused on alteration of our physiology. For example, say a personRead MoreHealthcare Is Evolving And Applying New Innovations Into Its Field1417 Words   |  6 Pagesand technology, for example, the area of health information technology (HIT). Health information technology is also known as health informatics and includes the different areas of clinical specialties or diseases, user, agent, technology, and information level (Martin-Sanchez, Maojo, Lopez-Campos, 2002). The field of bioinformatics fits into the category of health information technology because it is a disciplinary field that involves both science/ health and technology (Hoyt, 2010). BioinformaticsRead MoreEnvironmental Science Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it contains, furthermore, the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse, for example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essay will cover the following; the definition of environmental science, the relationship between science and technology and

A Comparison Between A Public High School and a Private...

For my field work project, I chose to do an observation of a public high school and a private high school. The schools I decided to observe were County Public High School and The Pickard School, both of which are located in demographically similar neighborhoods. The purpose for choosing two schools with similar characteristics was to have schools with equal social and economical factors encompassing them. This, I felt would make my findings unbiased within the scope of the project. My rationale for choosing this was to comparatively analyze the differences and similarities between both of the schools, and also to see just how true the stereotype is that private schools are better than public schools. My first visit was to the Pickard†¦show more content†¦She said you can pick any student randomly when the bell rings and I or any other staff member could tell you who they are, what grade they are in, what their family life is like, what their strong qualities are as well as w hat their week qualities are and how well their grades are. Because of the abundance of students in public schools, this type of control is virtually impossible. This particular type of control to me also allows for a holistic approach to education which I will later discuss. She also explained that in her school there is more control over the lesson plans than there are in public school. For instance, if there is something major going on in the media that they feel is important, the teacher will discuss it with the class. The teacher has more freedom to deviate from the planned lesson. In a public school teachers are not given this type of freedom because their curriculum is regimented. Another important area of regulation, one which I never thought of before was the control of hiring and firing teachers. If a teacher is not doing that great of a job and is not getting through to the students, they let the teacher go. This is not as easy to accomplish in public schools. The teache rs in this school are also given performance-related raises unlike public school where their are standard salaries for teachers at certain levels. Performance is not valued in the public-school pay scale she explained. I found this to be very interesting, becauseShow MoreRelatedCommunity Socio Educational Advantage : Glenmore Park Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesOf the three schools examined only the government school, Glenmore Park, was determined to have an Index of Community Socio–educational Advantage (ICSEA) value below the national average, with a large percentage of the distribution falling in the middle and lower quartiles (ACARA, 2016h). The two non–government schools recorded ICSEA values above the national average, with Bethany Catholic distributed fairly evenly across the middle and top quartiles, while the school population distribution forRead MoreDefinition Of The Problem Of Public Schools776 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 1: DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Introduction Education is the foundation of success. â€Å"The operation and oversight of public schools in the United States is typically the responsibility of states and local communities†. (Anderson, L.) Parents make decisions about their children s education with the hope that they are receiving a quality education that prepares them for college and eventually a successful career. The amount of funding available for education influences the effectiveness andRead MoreComparing Education Between United States And Nepal1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe quality of education varies across the countries. The quality of education system of Nepal is different to United States. While comparing the quality of educations between two countries, several factors that caused were examined. These factor show that there is significant difference between the qualities of education between the two countries. Most importantly, the finding in the papers shows that the quality of education are caused due to economic development, political stability, socio-economicRead MoreAmerican Schools Are Failing For Minority Students1025 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican schools are failing is not a new one, but it is an idea that is extremely widespread. There are constant news reports claiming that our schools are worse than ever and Congress has passed extensive legislation such as No Child Left behind in an attempt to fix the American educational system. Some people believe that American schools are not completely failing, but only failing for minority students. Reforms like mandatory busing, vouchers, charter schools, accountability, and high-stakes testingRead MorePrivate Education in Comparison to Public Education Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesattended a private high school or some form of private schooling, what if I were to tell you that the number of private schools in America are decreasing as well as their enrollment? B. Thesis: Environment plays a role in our learning, and the environment found in private schools are much better when compared with public schools. C. Reason to listen: We are all students. And education past, present, and future has an impact on us all. In our future when it comes time to choosing schools for ourRead MoreFactors Favoring Managerial Effectiveness : A Study Of Select Public And Private Sector Organizations Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesAbdul-Azeem, M. and Fatima, S. (2012) ‘Factors favoring managerial effectiveness: a study of select public and private sector organizations’, International Journal of Business Economics and Management Research, 2(1), Pp. 1-27. Adewuyi, D. (2002) ‘Comparison between school effectiveness characteristics and classroom instruction strategies in the United States and Nigeria’, Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, XXVI, Pp. 263-287. Agarwal, V. (1983) ‘A study of stress pronenessRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy in private schools, which almost represents the fifth of students in Saudi Arabia. Although a lot of families prefer to make their children study in private school, that does not mean they are completely satisfied about the schools’ quality and their children’ achievement (Al-Hagbani, 2013). Nevertheless, they still enroll their children in private schools, believing they will benefit more from studying in private schools than public schools. In addition, some parents believe that private schoolsRead MorePrivate Schools vs. Public Schools 1081 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever attended a private institution? What was your experience like? Think back and compare it to your ideal public school, which one happens to pale in comparison? Public schools, which are controlled by the government, and heavily influenced, by politicians and privateers, hurt your children, not allowing them to reap the full benefits of their growing mind. â€Å"Our schools have been scientifically designed to prevent over-education from happening. The average American [should be] contentRead MoreThe Importance Of Public Schools And Private Schools1287 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude the division of school structure’s, the characteristics of public schools and private schools, as well as the influence of culture differences on teaching styles. In both countries, students have to go through primary and secondary school for a total of twelve years, beginning at the first grade in elementary school level. This can be considered as basic education. All children reaching the age of six begin first grade in primary school, which is also called elementary school. However, the wayRead MoreThe Education Policy Of The United States Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesto the private sector from the public sector†. Neo-Liberal approach to education believes that the value of education lies in how well it enables the country to compete in the global market place. This can only be achieved if schools become more like businesses by giving power to parents as consumers and competition between schools to drive up the standards in education. Hence, the education becomes a ‘commodity’ rather than an essential basic need for everyone to benefit from. The schools operating

Business Strategy for Commonwealth Bank - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Strategy for Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Answer: Assessment of Commonwealth Banks strategy The assessment of Commonwealth bank of Australia can be done through a thorough comparison of the internal and the external fit of the company (Sia, Soh and Weill 2016). The potentiality of the business of the organization can be analyzed only through a proper assessment of the same. However, this study would not be considering the factors like the organizational structure, the organizational credentials and matters and the functional department of the company in order to analyze the assessment of the company. In this particular context it would be apt to assert that Commonwealth bank has a total of 51,800 employees as recorded in 2017. Considering its revenue, net income and total assets, its a$26.005 Billion, A$9.881 Billion and A$976.374 Billion respectively. Moreover, it has a total equity of A$63.716 billion (commbank.com.au). Mission Statement of the company The organization has an excellent base of loyal customers and all the credit goes to the way it has been able to adhere to its mission since the tie it has been established. The initiatives and policies that are undertaken by the bank are extensive in nature and all the commitments made to its customers are properly delivered and fulfilled in time. The companys mission is targeted at not only selling its policies and insurances, but at the same time it also supports its customers by providing financial advices. At times, these advices are provided free of cost. Generic Strategy Generic strategy is essentially a concept that was discussed by Porter, focusing o three main strategies (Travostino et al. 2015). These are overall cost leadership, differentiation and focus. It can be explained an a practice where sales that are low in cost will definitely need its products to be sold in large quantities. Differentiation part will be excluded in this context and at the same time the focus of the organization will be wither narrow or broad, that is, either it will have specific target customers or the organization will have customers in general (Dalal-Clayton and Sadler 2014). An assessment of Commonwealth bank can be made with the application of Porters generic strategy. Common wealth Bank has placed itself as cost leader. However, the range of products are limited as compared to its competitors like National bank Australia, ANZ and Westpac. The focus of the organization is narrow (Kemper and Kalafut 2014). Business model of Commonwealth Bank Key Partners Communities related to financial services Companies selling and distributing credit cards Investors Subsidiaries Regulatory agencies Jinan City commercial bank Hangzhou City commercial bank are the two Chinese banks that the organization deals with strategic cooperation agreements ATM service desk (Armguards) Aussie home loans and Wizard home loans are into joint partnership with the organization Key Activities Manufacturing credit cards Transaction and savings ad current accounts Risk assessment Customer service Intermediation related to financial services Investment plans Customer acquisitions Loans Governance and aid related to corporate services Savings and transaction accounts Balancing Value Proposition Commonwealth bank is the largest and within the first four of Australian banks Handling risk with responsibility Steady and sustainable growth Retail banking services Personal and small scale customers are aided with business help, that is finance Management of wealth. That is management platform, master funds, supports related to financial advices, supports like on the grounds of insurance and business, superannuation Customer Relationships Automation of banking services Community users Strong security systems Excellent reputation of the bank Convenience of the customers are taken as priority Ubiquity All the services are anti-personal. Customer Segments It serves the government sector Has services related to credit and card holders Merchants Serves the retail sectors Serves corporate customers Serves industrialists Key Resources More than 1100 branches all across the globe More than 4300 ATMs in total Considering its branches and ATMs, it has the largest network Its wide availability Strong base of loyal customers IT capabilities Huge network Potential employees The services and products are in wide range. It serves its customers with bank accounts, credit cards, financial advices and plans, home loans, car loans, insurance, superannuation, personal loans etc Channels Newsroom Social networking sites like facebook, instagram, twitter Mobile banking Information on its personal website Online banking NetBank The huge network of branches and ATMs. Cost Structure It has excellent network which needs to be maintained In the maintenance of IT infrastructure development Has wide array of international branches Security system Its presence/availability Compensation structure Taxes Costs related to finance maintenance Rewards and interest paid Revenue Streams Premium related to policies The returns that are made on policies on investment plans. The financial revenues, that is the interests hat are credited on commissions and service fee pf certain products Value Curves Banking sectors in Australia is already an independent and established sector that has witnessed continuous growth, since its birth. More or less the whole of the country is connected with proper banking branches and ATMs. It would not be wrong if asserted that most of the Australian market is near about saturated in the context of banking services. However, there has been a number f factors that have added as a positive catalyst in the growth of banking sectors all over the place (Jaber 2016). The most important of those are globalization, an ever increasing population, the inflation is the purchasing power of customers, edging competition against small scale sectors even, growth of IT and finance industries, all over innovation and development (Ali et al. 2014). Where ever is the need of finance, is the need of banks. At the beginning, in the year 1911-1941, Commonwealth Bank emerged in the Australian market as a Blue Ocean. Although, at present, Commonwealth bank is positioned as red ocean in the market. It came upon with attractive and innovative plan, the concept of banking and its services were new and hence was into blue ocean. However, there are numerous banks in the market now that more or less provides the same products and services to the customers (Johnson 2016). Only the rate of interests are different which make it a red ocean now. Since, the organization focused on a narrow range of services, it was under blue ocean. The major grounds that Commonwealth Bank is ahead of the big four are its excellent customers services, low rates of interests, easy accessibility and support to customers. Assessing business strategy of Commonwealth Bank Strategies are made in order to achieve the mission and vision of the company. The key success measurement criteria as laid out by the company are as follows Improved metrics related to customer service Inflation/deflation of shareholder returns Maintenance of fame of the organization The business strategy of commonwealth banks is four dimensional, focusing on customer service, business banking, technology and operational excellence, and trust and team spirit. It is prioritized the most by the organization, since it is a customer driven company. the company aims at reinvigorating sales and services. Employees of the company are invested upon in order to attain skilled employees (Schwartz et al. 2016). In the context of business banking, commercial purpose of business banking services are offered in almost all of the retail chains. The technology and operational excellence department aims in the implementation of skilled sourcing and designs plan to enhance the efficiency of the process. Trust and team spirit is another important section that aims at strengthen the bond of coordination between the employees (Burns 2016). It also aims at better involvement of community and apart from that, it also focuses on its customers safety (D, Mashruwal and Tripathy 2014). Pestle analysis of Commonwealth Bank Australia Political impact: The political relationship of Australia with China and other Asian countries is a bit sour lately, which may impact the business (Scholes 2015) Economic impact: economy is evolving but at the same time population is aging Social impact: diversity has been the marking factor of cosmopolitan diversity Technological impact: The advent of modern technology has molded people to invest in next generation financial technology. That would help the organization to innovate a firm technical framework. In the context of banking sector, cyber security is still a major area of threat. Legal: There are certain litigations against the bank. Issues like allegations regarding money laundering have also been a concern. Environmental impact: banks can be influenced through a strict regulation related to water management and river management. Banks can be charged of legal actions on the account of its failure to explore the risks related to climatic conditions (Johnson 2016). External Fit External Fit refers to the external trading conditions of the organization. This external fit is applicable for all the Australian banks in the market. Since, these banks also go through the same rules and regulations related to legal structures, financial services, insurance covers etc. all the external fit is comparable to the other rival banks that are present in the market and mostly all the rivals go through the same rules (Armstrong et al. 2015). Yet, the difference lies in the way Commonwealth Bank approaches its customers. Though, all of the banks is scattered almost in the same geographical manner, not all the banks are always ready to help its customers. Due to huge rush in the starting and the end of financial years, most of the banks keep its customers waiting (Cascio 2018). Commonwealth utilizes this time in providing assistance to its customers over e mails, phone calls and online chats. It ensures that its customers are engaged with bank executives and thus, do not swi tch to other financial service providers. Apart from that the organization has also made car and home loans readily available to customers with least possible delay (DeYoung and Huang 2016). Internal Fit Most of the banks follows the same approach of internal fit. However, all the internal approaches are nit same in all of the banks (Sengupta et al. 2015). Though most of the internal approaches are similar, dissimilarity too, does prevail. The key factors that creates a difference in Commonwealth Bank is in its approach to make different types of marketing and sales strategy to target different segments of its customers. Not all the customer segments can be targeted in the same manner. It follows unique targeting strategy and that is what keeps it at part from the other companies. Commonwealth Bank also succeeds in its faster delivery of products and services to its customers. That is, in its sales department, most of the products and services offered by the organization are tangible and can be customized as per the need and demand of the customers (Bailey, Albassami and Al-Meshal 2016). The transactional activities are smooth without many restraints. Commonwealth Bank is best known for its on-time delivery of services. Technology plays a major part into this section. The organization has used technology to its brim to bring about special features like app based banking. Use of modern technology has also lifted thee organization a little more than the others. The customers are benefitted with app based mobile banking and bill payments. Some of the technology infused transactional features are ACH networks, ATMs, bankcard networks and check clearance systems. Value chain of Commonwealth bank Australia MARKETING SALES PRODUCT TRANSACTION Advertising Branding Supporting sales Multichannel Management Expanding market Offering of the products Expanding the product range Clearance of payments to the customers Settling financial services Technological advancement Human resource departments Maintenance of infrastructure Guidelines related to risk management Conclusion and recommendation It can thus be concluded that commonwealth bank is a gigantic organization. Since its birth, it has gone through a lot of modifications and alterations in its organizational structure and infrastructure. Yet, it has been able to maintain its fame and reputation till date. Even after its controversies and allegations, it is one of the most popular bank in Australia. Given its number of employees, its branches all over the globe, its number of ATMs it is the most demanded financial service provider. The organization has been able to manage its constant inflation since the very starting of its journey (Eva et al. 2018). Entering into the market with a blue ocean strategy, it is only when the other financial sectors started providing the same services and products to the customers that Commonwealth Bank ultimately landed into red ocean. Though most of its services are liked and demanded by its loyal customers, yet it has been noticed that there are rare few that is hampering the growth o f the organization. It has been seen that Commonwealth Bank hooks upon ACH network. It becomes less efficient in peak financial years and in order to increase its efficiency, the organization must extend the transponder capacity of the same. Reference List Ali, P., Anderson, M.E., McRae, C.H. and Ramsay, I., 2014. The financial literacy of young Australians: An empirical study and implications for consumer protection and ASIC's National Financial Literacy Strategy. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bailey, A.A., Albassami, F. and Al-Meshal, S., 2016. The roles of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the internal marketing-employee bank identification relationship.International Journal of Bank Marketing,34(6), pp.821-840. Burns, P., 2016.Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Commbank.com.au. 2018.About us. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank-.com.au/about-us.html [Accessed 25 Apr. 2018]. Banker, R., Mashruwala, R. and Tripathy, A., 2014. Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy?.Management Decision,52(5), pp.872-896. Dalal-Clayton, B. and Sadler, B., 2014.Sustainability appraisal: A sourcebook and reference guide to international experience. Routledge. DeYoung, R. and Huang, M., 2016. The External Effects of Bank Executive Pay: Liquidity Creation and Systemic Risk. Eva, N., Sendjaya, S., Prajogo, D., Cavanagh, A. and Robin, M., 2018. Creating strategic fit: Aligning servant leadership with organizational structure and strategy.Personnel Review,47(1), pp.166-186. Jaber, M.Y., 2016.Learning curves: Theory, models, and applications. CRC Press. Johnson, G., 2016.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson Education. Johnson, G., 2016.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson Education. Kemper, C.A. and Kalafut, J.F., Bayer Medical Care Inc, 2014.Identification of regions of interest and extraction of time value curves in imaging procedures. U.S. Patent 8,699,770. Scholes, M.S., 2015.Taxes and business strategy. Prentice Hall. Schwartz, L.P., Silberberg, A., Casey, A.H., Paukner, A. and Suomi, S.J., 2016. Scaling reward value with demand curves versus preference tests.Animal cognition,19(3), pp.631-641. Sengupta, A.S., Yavas, U. and Babakus, E., 2015. Interactive effects of personal and organizational resources on frontline bank employees job outcomes: The mediating role of person-job fit.International Journal of Bank Marketing,33(7), pp.884-903. Sia, S.K., Soh, C. and Weill, P., 2016. How DBS Bank Pursued a Digital Business Strategy.MIS Quarterly Executive,15(2). Travostino, F., Lavian, T., Schofield, B. and Monga, I., Rockstar Consortium Us Lp, 2015.Time-value curves to provide dynamic QoS for time sensitive file transfers. U.S. Patent 8,949,846.

As I Lay Dying Studyguide Essay Example

As I Lay Dying Studyguide Paper AS I LAY DYING, William FaulknerQuestions for Study 1. Which are the most intelligent and sympathetic voices in the novel? With whom do you most and least identify? Is Faulkner controlling your closeness to some characters and not others? How is this done, given the seemingly equal mode of presentation for all voices? Darl is the most intelligent voice in the novel. He often seems to play the role of omniscient narrator, because he describes events that took place when he was not present. For example, he describes Addie’s death, even though he was not with her when she died. Darl appears to be the character that knows the most about what is going on and has the most consistent voice in the novel. The character that seems to be the most sympathetic is Jewel. The clearest example of his sympathy is demonstrated in his unwillingness to leave Addie when she was on her death bed. His desire to be with his mom makes Jewel stand out as the most sympathetic character, because basically all of the other siblings just wanted to make money, and did not care or pay much thought to their mother’s death. Faulkner seems to be controlling the closeness of some characters. For instance, as mentioned, Darl and Jewel are the most intelligent and sympathetic characters. Darl is the most common narrator and Jewel shows his caring side when he wants to be with his mother. These instances make the reader connect with them more than the other characters in the novel. The other characters are first introduced with things that are not as relatable or even as likeable. The worst instance of this is how Anse is introduced sawing his mother’s coffin. We will write a custom essay sample on As I Lay Dying Studyguide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on As I Lay Dying Studyguide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on As I Lay Dying Studyguide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This action makes the reader believe that Anse is devoid of showing the proper emotion in the time of his mother’s death, because he was making Addie’s coffin right outside the window of the room she was in. 2. Even the reader of such an unusual book may be surprised to come upon Addie Bundren’s narrative on page 169, if only because Addie has been dead since page 48. Why is Addie’s narrative placed where it is, and what is the effect of hearing Addie’s voice at this point in the book? Is this one of the ways in which Faulkner shows Addie’s continued â€Å"life† in the minds and hearts of her family? How do the issues raised by Addie here relate to the book as a whole? Addie’s narrative was placed in the center of the book because by that point in the novel the characters are so focused on getting Addie to her resting place that they seem to almost forget about Addie’s character entirely. Faulkner does not really introduce Addie in the beginning of the story, other than establishing the point that she is the dying mother of the Bundren clan. Her narrative helps the reader to relate to Addie, and realize that she was a person with emotions and opinions just like anyone else. Placing the narrative so far after her death helps the reader to take a moment away from the ensuing drama of getting to Addie’s resting place and remember that Addie is the reason why they are doing this, and that she was an actual person with human emotions and characteristics. The issues raised by Addie relate to the book as a whole, because after reading Addie’s narrative she is no longer just a burden or an inconvenience, but rather a person and a strong figure in the Bundren family. 3. Faulkner allows certain characters—especially Darl and Vardaman—to express themselves in language and imagery that would be impossible, given their lack of education and experience in the world. Why does he break with the realistic representation of character in this way? Darl and Vardaman speak beyond the potential of an uneducated man in order to describe particular events in the story that called for a more detailed explanation. Education and intelligence of the characters relate directly to how well the reader can comprehend the story because the narrator is the one telling the story. So basically, the reader is limited to the understanding (or lack of) of the characters. Darl and Vardaman express themselves in a way that exceeds what the reader would expect from uneducated men. Faulkner’s point in doing this was to present the reader with an articulate omniscient narrator on whom they could rely. Darl, the main omniscient narrator, explains events to the reader that he did not witness first hand. Also, Vardaman is only a child, and strangely enough provides insight about the life of a big family, that no other character was able to do. 4. What makes Darl different from the other characters? Why is he able to describe Addie’s death [p. 48] when he is not present? How is he able to intuit the fact of Dewey Dell’s pregnancy? What does this uncanny visionary power mean, particularly in the context of what happens to Darl at the end of the novel? Darl has fought in World War I; why do you think Faulkner has chosen to include this information about him? What are the sources and meaning of his madness? Darl is different from the other characters because he is the omniscient narrator in the novel. Being able to describe his mother’s death hen he was not present proves that Darl had insight that other characters in the novel did not. Darl has the ability to connect and comprehend more than any of the other characters in the story who are limited by their sparing education. Darl states he has such a deep understanding of events because of his closeness and deep connection with them. For example, his knowled ge of Dewey Dell’s pregnancy and his admittance in an insane asylum support his claim. 5. Anse Bundren is surely one of the most feckless characters in literature, yet he alone thrives in the midst of disaster. How does he manage to command the obedience and cooperation of his children? Why are other people so generous with him? He gets his new teeth at the end of the novel and he also gets a new wife. What is the secret of Anse’s charm? How did he manage to make Addie marry him, when she is clearly more intelligent than he is? Anse manages to command the obedience and cooperation of his family by being the patriarch figure. His children respect him solely because he is their father and it is expected of them. He really has nothing going for him that would command respect. He doesn’t like to work hard or sweat, and is constantly blaming his problems on other people. I guess, he is a religious man, and so that may command some respect from them. People are generous with him because of his condition. He has a hunched back and no teeth, and so he has a lot of trouble doing things. The secret to Anse’s charm is that he always finds a way to get what he wants, even if it means manipulating others. Anse managed to make Addie marry him simply by asking her, they did not even get to know each other before hand. . Some critics have spoken of Cash as the novel’s most gentle character, while others have felt that he is too rigid, too narrow-minded, to be sympathetic. What does Cash’s list of the thirteen reasons for beveling the edges of the coffin tell us about him? What does it tell us about his feeling for his mother? Does Cash’s carefully reasoned response to Darl’s imprisonment seem fair to you, or is it a betrayal o f his brother? Cash’s list describing the coffin shows a side of his personality that is rather insensitive. It makes him seem very callous and indifferent to his mother’s death, because he describes the coffin so simply. This leads the reader to believe that Cash did not have a great deal of affection for his mother, because he did not view constructing his mother’s coffin any different than he would view another common project. Throughout the book, Cash seems very frigid and devoid of any emotion or compassion, even if his responses were often correct. 7. Jewel is the result of Addie’s affair with the evangelical preacher Whitfield (an aspect of the plot that bears comparison with Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter). When we read Whitfield’s section, we realize that Addie has again allied herself with a man who is not her equal. How would you characterize the preacher? What is the meaning of this passionate alliance, now repudiated by Whitfield? Does Jewel know who his father is? Preacher Whitfield is spineless. He kept his affair between himself and Addie a complete secret, that is, until he felt that God was calling him to confess. However, the real reason he is spineless lies in the fact that when he went to confess, he found out that Addie had passed away, and so he decided not to say anything. This speaks volumes about his character, it says that he is deceitful and is able to block out his incriminating conscious. Addie allied herself with a man that lived in denial and avoided the truth, and when he finally admitted that he had done wrong, he still didn’t have the backbone to admit it to the family. As for Jewel, he had no idea that he had a different father than his siblings, though it is hinted at that he is different from them. 8. What is your response to the section spoken by Vardaman, which states simply, â€Å"My mother is a fish†? What sort of psychological state or process does this declaration indicate? What are some of the ways in which Vardaman insists on keeping his mother alive, even as he struggles to understand that she is dead? In what other ways does the novel show characters wrestling with ideas of identity and embodiment? Vardaman stating that his mother is a fish indicates that he is struggling to come to terms with the idea that his mother is gone. He tells himself that his mother is a fish so that way he can have something alive and tangible that takes her place in his mind, that way he does not have to live without her. He has a hard time accepting Addie’s death, and this is also apparent in the way he sleeps next to her coffin every night and constantly associates her with living things to help him not deal or come to terms with the fact that she is dead. 9. This is a novel full of acts of love, not the least of which is the prolonged search in the river for Cash’s tools. Consider some of the other ways that love is expressed among the members of the family. What compels loyalty in this family? What are the ways in which that loyalty is betrayed? Which haracters are most self-interested? The moment when Jewel gives up his beloved horse to replace the mules lost in the river was one of the biggest acts of love in the story. Jewel nearly worked himself to exhaustion raising money to purchase that horse, and it was his most prized possession. However, his loyalty to his family was greater than the love of his horse and so he gave I up in order to help his momma’s final wishes come true. Both Darl and Jewel show a devout loyalty to their family and work to see their mother’s wishes met. While Anse is more of a selfish character, and loyalty is betrayed when Darl is sent into the insane asylum. 10. The saga of the Bundren family is participated in, and reflected upon, by many other characters. What does the involvement of Doctor Peabody, of Armstid, and of Cora and Vernon Tull say about the importance of community in country life? Are the characters in the town meant to provide a contrast with country people? The characters outside of the family show the importance of community in country life. Everyone of them has their own memories of Addie and the rest of the Bundren family. They also had their own relationship with Addie, and therefore they can offer their own unique perspective of an outsider. They can offer a different view point on Addie’s death than the immediate members of the family can, because they were not as close to her. These characters are able to reflect on the past without getting caught up in the emotional loss of a loved one. They serve to show how important the community was in country life, everyone works together and helps each other out when times get tough. These characters are able to leisurely reflect on the past. They contrast with the town’s people because they are strangers to each other, and never feel the need to help anyone but their immediate family. 11. Does Faulkner deliberately make humor and the grotesque interdependent in this novel? What is the effect of such horrific details as Vardaman’s accidental drilling of holes in his dead mother’s face? Of Darl and Vardaman listening to the decaying body of Addie â€Å"speaking†? Of Vardaman’s anxiety about the growing number of buzzards trying to get at the coffin? Of Cash’s bloody broken leg, set in concrete and suppurating in the heat? Of Jewel’s burnt flesh? Of the â€Å"cure† that Dewey Dell is tricked into? Faulkner does deliberately combine horror and grotesque with humor and irony. Anse, for example, preaches all throughout the story that he has bad luck, which is ironically supported by several horrific events in the novel such as the death of Addie. He blames it on bad luck, because the road was too near to his house, which later lead to the drilling into her face. All of the grotesque moments in the book are, according to Anse, caised my his bad luck which follows him like a plague. Other instances includes the birds and Cash’s injury. 12. In one of the novel’s central passages, Addie meditates upon the distance between words and actions: â€Å"I would think how words go straight up in a thin line, quick and harmless, and how terribly doing goes along the earth, clinging to it, so that after a while the two lines are too far apart for the same person to straddle from one to the other; and that sin and love and fear are just sounds that people who never sinned nor loved nor feared have for what they never had and cannot have until they forget the words† [pp. 173-74]. What light does this passage shed upon the meaning of the novel? Aren’t words necessary in order to give form to the story of the Bundrens? Or is Faulkner saying that words—his own chosen medium—are inadequate? This excerpt means that actions are louder than words, and that promises mean nothing unless they are followed by action. Faulkner is saying that it is easy to say that you will do something or say that you will change, what is hard, is actually taking the time to see it through and do it. Words are inadequate unless they are followed by action that support their meaning Speaking words is easy, and it doesn’t do or mean anything. Words need to spur on action! This relates to the Bundren family in the verbal promise that Addie would be buried where she wished. That was not enough, this verbal promise needed to be seen to the very end to have any meaning, and that is why the family went through so much to see that it was fulfilled, because if they had not, the promise would have meant nothing. 13. What does the novel reveal about the ways in which human beings deal with death, grieving, and letting go of our loved ones? The novel reveals that everyone has their own unique way of coping with death. Vardaman, for example, deals with his grief over his dead mother by questioning reality and existence. Faulkner shows how each of the characters react to Addie’s death in different ways, making a statement that everyone deals with death differently. Another example would be how Anse saw her death as bad luck. Some characters made little out of Addie’s death, while others were affected by it immensely. The whole novel is a statement on how everyone deals with death differently, some with denial, others The story reveals how humans deal with death and grieving differently; either by denial, aggression, depression, or acceptance for example.

Uncle Vanya analysis essays

Uncle Vanya analysis essays 1. The Protagonist: Yelena, 27 year old wife to Alexander Serebriakov, a retired professor. 3. Antagonist: Mikhail Lvovich Astrov, a doctor, drunkard and ecologist. 4. Unconscious: Yelena is a woman afraid of her true feelings. She cannot recognize them to act upon them. As a result of playing life safely, boredom is a constant, unwelcome companion. 5. Super Objective: Yelena yearns to break free and fly away. 6. Inciting Event: At the beginning of act three, Sonya confesses her love of Astrov to Yelena. Yelena agrees to find out from Astrov his feelings for Sonya. 7. Rising Action: Sonya admits her love of Astrov to Yelena, who offers to find out from Astrov his feelings for Sonya -> Astrov and Yelena discuss Sonya's affections, but the conversation turns around when Astrov becomes certain Yelena using Sonya as an excuse to see him -> Astrov grabs her by the waist and she nearly gives into him, resting her head on his chest -> Vanya walks in on them at that moment and becomes upset -> The Professor calls a meeting and implores the family for advice on a scheme in which the farm would be sold and the proceeds invested in managed funds and a small vacation home in Finland -> Vanya, upset over a great many things attempts to murder the professor by shooting him, but misses -> Vanya is sequestered in his room as Astrov and Sonya talk him out of killing himself -> He gives back the morphine he stole from Astrov and Sonya takes him to speak with The Professor so they may make amends -> Yelena parts, giving Astrov a last intense embrace -> Astrov l eaves -> The play ends with Sonya telling Uncle Vanya they will have a better next life. 8. Climax: When Yelena rests her head on Astrov's chest, giving into her yearning to break free, but is interrupted by Uncle Vanya walking in. 9. Resolution: The Professor and his wife leave, as does the Doctor, leaving Uncle Vanya and Sonya in a ...

Investment Appraisal Assignment - 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Investment Appraisal - 2 - Assignment Example The money accumulated is then invested in various investments, so that it generates further income. It is made sure that the income generated is enough to payout the pension benefits provided to the employees. The management of the funds is not necessarily separate from the management of the company. Usually these managers have expertise in investment techniques, in order to maximize the return upon the investments made. The fund portfolio is evaluated as how much percentage is invested in each portfolio. Also, it is taken into consideration how the return from each investment is accounted to the performance, of the fund as a whole. Based on the performance of the funds the investment appraisal is carried out. Fund Investment The pension fund is the accumulated fund, collected from the employers and employees. The earnings that this fund generates is accumulated within itself. The fund is managed by professionals with expertise in the related field of investment. The funds are to be utilized in fulfilling the financial needs of the company, which it has to bear in terms of constructive liability. The constructive liability being, to pay pension and other after retirement benefits to the employees. Pension fund are the accumulation of funds that are invested in various investments, where the returns are generated. ... The current portfolio is invested diversely in four divisions of investments, namely, UK Equities, Overseas Equities, UK Gilts and UK Property. A mere 5% of assets also exist in the form of cash. A) Review of Current Portfolio In the current portfolio of the assets, UK equities have a weightage of 50% of the fund. The assets held by the funds should not lose value and should be able to provide a handsome amount of return. Based on the risks associated with the assets of the fund, the main cause of concern is whether the fund performance is persistent and increasing or not (Christopher, et al., 1998). The portfolio of the funds consists of 25% of UK gilts investment which are the least risky of all the investments and also provide the least return. The appropriation of the funds in the current portfolio elaborates that 5% of cash is held. With the total fund size amounting to ? 1billion, this amounts to ? 50 million. This is an asset that is not invested and is losing value over the t ime. The cash that is retained in the portfolio is not considered to be healthy. Other liquid assets, such as equity stock, can easily be traded in the market. It should be considered as it will benefit the fund. This is because it shall be providing a return, thus minimizing the impact of inflation and reduction in the value of money. The majority of the portfolio consists of UK security and amounts to the ? 500 million. This amount is invested in the equity stock of the companies listed in the stock exchanges in United Kingdom. The performance of the fund is mainly concerned with the amount of return and the rate of return that it provides accounting for the risk associated with it too (Chan, et al., 1995). The performance of

Areer progress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Areer progress - Essay Example Third, equipped with sophisticated management skills, I will move ahead to manage the operation of a company at a higher decision-making level in a way that I can get experiences on how to run a company by myself. Fourth, over the long run, I will set up my own company in order to become a successful entrepreneur on my own right. I remind myself of these goals every morning on my way to work. Due to the fact that my ultimate goal is to become one of China's best businessmen ever, I am glad to say that I have been taking very solid steps towards that goal. As a graduate from a military university, I have received sound management skills. Upon obtaining my Bachelor's Degree, a number of choices were presented to me. I knew that management is an applied science, and one can hardly be a successful entrepreneur without ever managing anything. After my graduation in 2004 as a Medical Doctor, I chose to work at SINA Corporation as the first step of my career for accomplishing my goals. SINA Corporation is the biggest media company and value-added information service provider in China. I worked as a manager in the Business Development Department at SINA Corporation. ... Yet I feel that my current knowledge and expertise are not up to the task that I have set for myself. I do not know enough to run a viable business venture on any large scale, yet. I could pursue my career with SINA Corporation and continue to learn business management skills but after I examined my past work and education history I came up to believe that I will have more opportunities if I can receive the kind of comprehensive and systematical business and entrepreneurial training that a MBA program can offer. Compared with other famous business schools in the US, Wharton, a cradle of some of the world's most important businessmen, is my only choice. Wharton appeals more to me because not only of its reputation and legacy, but also because it suits my own needs. I once compared Stanford MBA Entrepreneurship courses, which are also famous worldwide, with Wharton's before I began the application process, and the results showed me that Wharton can really help me to achieve my career goals in a better and more efficient way than Stanford. First of all, Wharton's Entrepreneurship courses suit my backgrounds and current situations. My father is one of the most famous and successful enterprisers in China, and he runs many private companies now. He wants me to help him run part of those businesses in the future, so I have to learn not only the entrepreneurship aspects of a business but also how to run a family business. Entrepreneurship courses in Wharton's curriculum, such as Strategies and Practices of Family-Controlled Companies, are designed for those people who plan to manage family-controlled companies and for those planning a career in a

Darden case study Essay Example for Free

Darden case study Essay 1. Using the full spectrum of segmentation variables, describe how Darden segments and targets the sit-down dining market. The types of segmentation include geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. For geographic segmentation, Darden has all of its Longhorn Steakhouse restaurants in the eastern half of the United States but they are trying to expand to the west coast. This is a great idea because out west is an untapped market with great potential for lots of earnings. Darden has a chance to redefine the image of steakhouses as is currently being done like the classiness that is being added to the brand. The customer traffic is increasing and Longhorn Steakhouse could potentially even overtake Outback Steakhouse as the premier steakhouse type of restaurant. For demographic segmentation, Red Lobster represents the opportunity Darden has to fill the gap between the young fast food concept and the upscale white-tablecloth restaurants. Red lobster is even making many changes to accommodate for the changing times around America which is causing sales to fall. With innovative concepts such as wood fired grilling resulting in a â€Å"taste of wood-grilled seafood† and investments in equipment and training, Darden is putting itself back in the spotlight to becoming recognized and respected. You can also never go wrong with fried shrimp so Red Lobster will always have that marketing card to play. The Psychographic segmentation is shown by how people want to feel positive emotions when they go out to restaurants such as the concept of a happy family and namely the mythical Italian family. Customers want to feel emotionally satisfied as much as they want to be physically satisfied by the food. Creating an authentic menu hits close to home because people get that warm and happy feeling when they see the authenticity. Even Olive Garden’s commercial â€Å"When you’re here, you’re family† and slogan show the feelings of connection that Americans want to feel and would be willing to come in for. Behavioral segmentation is shown in how less frequently Americans want to sit down at restaurants to eat their meals. With all of our financial constraints we are choosing different and more cost effective ways to eat out and have a good time with the family. Darden needs to use more cost effective ways to lower the meal prices so that family’s will once again be willing to eat out at a sit down restaurant on a regular basis.

Analysis of Donnes The Bait and Marlowes Passionate Shepherd to His L

Love, an extremely and unsurprisingly popular topic among writers in every time period and corner of the world, is the central subject of two similar, yet contradicting literary works – â€Å"The Passionate Shepard to His Love† by Christopher Marlowe and â€Å"The Bait† by John Donne, respectively. Each author masterfully utilizes imagery, but in different ways to achieve two different purposes. Marlowe’s idealistic vision of what love should be is countered by Donne’s rather cynical realism. Both works begin with an identical first line that is followed by a line that Donne alters from Marlowe’s original line. The change seems subtle yet it contains thematically significant meaning. Marlowe’s second line reads â€Å"†¦and we will all the pleasures prove†¦Ã¢â‚¬  while Donne slightly changes the latter of the two – â€Å"†¦and we will some new pleasures prove†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The discontinuity lies in the wording as Marlowe fails to recognize the negatives connected with relationships. Donne acknowledges these hardships, replacing Marlowe’s extreme word choice - â€Å"all† to â€Å"some†. The alteration provides a more realistic approa...

Rothschilds Fiddle

Jackson Weeks Harold English 101 1-31-13 Chekhov’s Use of Futliarnost to Develop Yakov and the Importance of Morals in â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† Futliarnost, a Russian literature theme which is often present in Anton Chekhov’s short stories, is when a character is encased in a situation and can not escape. In â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†, Yakov is entrapped in an almost trance like state, that is brought about by loss and remorse in his life. â€Å"Is Yakov ever released from this state, through Marfa’s death, or any other instance and does Chekhov intend for the reader to see one single moral in this story? Chekhov uses irony and ambiguity to develop Yakov â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† into a deeper character as well. Chekhov uses one particular irony which is central to this short story. Yakov is evidently depressed for much if not all of his life, as he is always worrying about his income and his wasted opportunities in l ife. But ironically he is arguably more depressed and miserable after he realizes how meaningless his whole life has been. It is at this point when he is finally more alive than he has ever been, but because he is looking back on his life he wants to die more than ever.Yakov â€Å"reflected that death would be nothing but a benefit; he would not have to eat or drink, or pay taxes or offend people, and, as a man lies in his grave not for one year but for hundreds and thousands, if one reckoned it up the gain would be enormous. A man's life meant loss: death meant gain. † With this realization it can be said that Yakov only becomes more depressed. This is sad to see because as a reader we finally see someone that finally has much about life figured out, but it is in his last moments, and he is more miserable than ever.Chekhov Weeks 2 uses this passage to help develop the sense of futliarnost even more than it already is. Yakov was already trapped in a state of depression, knowi ngly or not, and when he finally realizes this at the end of his life he only becomes more depressed. The change that comes about because of this further misery is negative, as Yakov finally realizes many, if not all, of his faults in life yet he is at a point in his life where he can no longer change his ways enough to make up for all of his past mistakes.This is the point in which a moral can be deduced. Perhaps a moral of live life so that you have no regrets would be appropriate. But we must ask ourselves if Chekhov meant for a moral to be brought away from â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Based on the writing style it is safe to assume that a moral is applicable. Chekhov gives â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† folk like qualities which suggest there is a moral. Although this moral is very cliched, it certainly applies to Yakov. It is not saying live life with no regrets, rather live life so that you will have no regrets.If Yakov had treated Marfa better and not yelled at her and not caused her pain he likely would not have been as miserable in the end as he was. But it is also worth noting that some of the most beautiful music came about because of one mans suffering, and made many other lives better. Chekhov is intentionally ambiguous here, as he likely does not mean to only teach one lesson through this story. There are many lessons that can be taken away, and this is one of the beautiful things about Chekhov’s writings, especially â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†.Etymologically, the word ‘ambiguity’ means being able to push something from both ends [ambo-ago] and also, figuratively, to think about something in two different and even irreconcilable ways (Pazzagli 1505). Chekhov has many ambiguities in his writings in order to leave much interpretation up to the reader. The reader must decide whether to accept both meanings of a statement or choose between the two. Based on which approach a reader uses, the Wee ks 3 same passage can have completely different meanings. One example of this ambiguity comes when Marfa dies.Chekhov writes that her face turned â€Å"rosy with fever, unusually bright and joyful-looking† In this excerpt Chekhov states that Marfa is sick, and also that she was joyful. Perhaps she was just rosy from the fever, or more likely just relieved that she was finally going to be released from her dreary life of being frightened by Yakov, mistreated, and not appreciated. Even though Marfa only has a small presence in the text, she is a great tool for Chekhov. She is used to bring up Yakov’s past. Marfa says â€Å"Do you remember fifty years ago God gave us a little baby with flaxen hair?We used always to be sitting by the river then, singing songs . . . under the willows,† and laughing bitterly, she added: â€Å"The baby girl died. † Yakov did not remember his baby from years ago. Yakov had shut out most of his past, and only thought of profit and losses. However when Yakov later goes and sits beneath the tree and finally remembers their child, the reader is not ever sure as to whether he actually remembers the child, or if it is just a figment of his imagination. Another ambiguity is when Yakov leaves the cemetary after Marfa’s burial it is said that he didn’t feel well.However it is never clarified if he is physically ill, or emotionally ill. If Yakov is only emotionally ill and ends up dying from this it would indicate that Yakov is much more deeply connected to Marfa than has previously been shown. This would perpetuate the theme of loss, because if he was extremely close to his wife, then her loss is only that much more painful to him. Loss is surely the main recurring theme throughout â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Yakov in the beginning is complaining about lost profits, and lost work time, which in hindsight seem petty, compared to the loss of his wife, and the loss of the memory of his child .After Yakov’s epiphany it is apparent that he has felt remorse over the loss of the wrong things. If he had not been so interested in money he might have spent more time with his wife, and treated better, and he would Weeks 4 have perhaps had a better relationship with her. Chekhov is said to be the father of the stream of conscious writing style, which follows a character’s thoughts. With Yakov this becomes particularly interesting after the death of Marfa because we see just how miserable his life becomes.We see Yakov sitting on the riverbank, beneath the tree just thinking back on his missed opportunities and his lost and forgotten child. Later we see just how sorrowful Yakov has become, when he is just sitting in his doorway playing his fiddle, producing mournful tunes. The stream of consciousness writing style also puts emphasis on the change that takes place in Yakov. The reader sees how Yakov transforms from miserable because of his own losses, to miserable bec ause of the loss of others. Yakov follows the pattern that many of Chekhov’s characters set before him, by bringing attention to Russia’s changing landscape.One thing that Chekhov shows subtly in most of his works was his appreciation of Russia’s natural environment (Quinault 33). Chekhov voiced his sadness at the destruction of ancient hardwood forests in his short story, â€Å"Rothschild's Fiddle† (1894) and, more prominently, in his major plays. (Quinalt 33). In â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† Chekhov writes â€Å"On the other bank, where now there was the water meadow, in those days there stood a big birchwood, and yonder on the bare hillside that could be seen on the horizon an old, old pine forest used to be a bluish patch in the distance.Big boats used to sail on the river. But now it was all smooth and unruffled, and on the other bank there stood now only one birch-tree, youthful and slender like a young lady. † Even though this is only a small part of â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† it shows some of Chekhov’s interests outside of literature. Perhaps Yakov realizes the loss of this forest and this is just one more loss to go along with all of the other losses that have happened throughout the story. Yakov is in a depressed state throughout the story, both before Marfa’s death and after. Weeks 5Even though her death was the big event of the story and what made Yakov realize how miserable his life had been, it still was not enough to release him from the feeling of misery he was trapped in. It was just enough for him to realize how miserable his life had been before and send him deeper into depression because he realized he had lost Marfa, who was the one thing in his life he truly should have cared about. The significance of drawing this conclusion is that we see Chekhov following his usual pattern of a character being entrapped for the whole story, and still not escaping.One ambiguity t hat the reader is left with is that of whether a moral can should be deduced. Since Yakov produced some of the most beautiful and sad music. Even though Yakov was in such a miserable state his whole life, his music was beautiful and brightened other lives, It can be argued that no moral was meant to be drawn from â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Perhaps one could go on to research Chekhov as a writer and see if he typically consciously included some style of moral in his stories. Weeks 6 Works Cited Pazzagali, Adolfo. â€Å"Ambiguity. † International Journal of Psychoanalysis . 3. 6 (2012): 1505-1508. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. Quinalt, Roland. â€Å"Chekhov and Conservation. † History Today. 60. 2 (2010): 32-34. Web. Chekhov, Anton. â€Å"The Literature Network. † Rothschild's Fiddle. N. p. , 10 Mar 2005. Web. 4 Feb 2013. Note: I still do not have Microsoft Word and I attempted to indent my long quotes 10 spaces on GoogleDocs but I was not able to without inde nting the whole paragraph that the quote was contained in. This is why I left quotations around my quotes.. If you must take off for this I understand, but if you could be a little lenient that would be great!

Indoor plants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 6839 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? 1.0 Introduction I did further research and found out that indoor air pollution phenomenon has urged the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) scientists to study the functions of plants to provide clean indoor air. NASA has become the pioneer towards this research and recently has been widened by many other associations like the Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc. endorsed by the Plants for Clean Air Council in Mitchellville, Maryland[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indoor plants" essay for you Create order Research done by NASA has found out that there are certain plants that have the function to purify the air in a building[2]. They detoxify the existing toxins and pollutants which originate from the things used in daily activities nowadays; fabrics, detergents and also furniture. These pollutants can be classified into three common indoor pollutants according to the list of indoor contaminant that are currently present. There are benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene. (TCE)[3] Plants use the concept of transpiration to work onto this problem[4]. As the vaporized chemical enters the stomatal opening on the leaves of the indoor plants, they are either broken down directly or be sent downwards; down to the root system of the plants.[5] The presence of colonies of microbes at the root system breaks down various kinds of unhealthy compounds; in this case the indoor pollutants, and absorbs them as their source of food[6]. As for the mechanism of transpiration to remove the pollutant, water vapour that is liberated by the leaves of the plants will mix with the air in the atmosphere. Convection of air leads to the movement of the atmospheric air that is contaminated with the vaporized chemical downwards to the base of the plants. I chose 6 types of plants to be experimented by one fixed type of pollutant; formaldehyde. It is normally used in the production of grocery bags, facial tissues, waxed paper, waxed paper[7] and produced by tobacco products, gas cookers and open fireplaces.[8] In the experiment, this chemical is predicted to be absorbed by each plant. Plant that absorbs the chemical the most would be the efficient plant to be included in places mentioned before. 2.0 Aim To study the effect of plants transpiration towards the acidity and mass of formaldehyde in a transparent chamber. 3.0 Planning and method development Firstly, a chamber must be set up to place plants chosen. A pot of selected plant is placed into each chamber. 6 types of plants were chosen, therefore 6 chambers must be created. To make sure that air, sunlight and water could be continuously supplied, I decided that the chamber must be transparent, and there are holes to let air enters. The material that I chose is transparent plastic so that holes can be poked, the wall of the chambers can be flipped to water the plants everyday and plants get sufficient sunlight. I selected formaldehyde as the pollutant to the plants. In each of the chamber, I included formalin of the same amount in a beaker and let it evaporate in the chamber. As formalin CH2O, is a reducing agent[9], therefore it has the ability to release its hydrogen.[10] The more hydrogen ions present in it, the greater the strength of the acid. When evaporation of formalin happens continuously, there will be less in quantity of hydrogen atoms in the aqueous solution. Thus, the acidity of formaldehyde could decrease through evaporation; pH of the formalin increases. So, the pH of the formalin is ought to be checked for every interval of two days. Because concept of evaporation is used, it is for sure the volume of the formalin will reduce. The most effective method to measure this is by getting the mass decrease. I took the reading of the mass of formalin for every interval of two days. I decided to take note on the external condition of all the plants so that analysis on that can be don e to find its relativity with formalin. 4.0 Hypothesis My prediction is that indoor plants have the ability to get rid of formaldehyde, one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home nowadays by absorbing the chemicals through their microscopic openings perforated on their leaves; the stomata[11]. As the chemical evaporates, the molecules of the chemical are absorbed by the plants by gaining entrance through the stomata. These plants transport the absorbed chemical to their root system along the xylem of the plants to be broken down by the microbes present at the roots.[12] As formalin acts as a reducing agent, release of hydrogen could occur. Through evaporation of formalin, there will be less hydrogen atoms could remain in the aqueous solution. Thus, it is possible for the decrease in mass and increase in the pH of the formalin to occur when indoor plants are available. 5.0 Methodology 5.1 Variables a) Independent: * Types of plants chosen to be experimented There are variety types of plants chosen in order to know whether the hypothesis could be accepted. They are Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata Bostoniensis), Janet Craig(Dracaena deremensis), Florists mum(Chrysanthemum morifolium), Kimberly queen fern (Nephrolepis obliterata), Snake plant or mother-in-laws tongue (Sansevieria trifasciata Laurentii), Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) altogether. Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) acts as the control of the experiment to show its less in efficiency to absorb the toxin. Some plants have no ability to absorb the chosen toxin as good as in some indoor plants. b) Dependent: * The rate of absorption of formaldehyde The rate of absorption of formaldehyde is taken as the decrease in mass of formalin over time. This is documented for every interval of two days. Other than that, the acidity of formaldehyde in each chamber is also noted. This is done by using pH paper and pH meter to indicate the change in pH. The pH of the formalin in the chamber is recorded to see the pattern of change in acidity. c) Fixed: * The type of toxin chosen; formaldehyde Liquid formalin is selected to be one of the fixed variables in this experiment so that the analysis of the change in acidity can be done easily. More than one type of pollutant will promote confusion while conducting the experiment as the characteristic of one pollutant differ from one to another. Formalin is the aqueous state of the chemical formaldehyde and the concentration of the liquid formalin is 100%. I made the volume and the concentration of liquid formalin the same in every small beaker included in every transparent chamber. It is important to do so because the pH of the chemical and its mass are to be checked every 2 days throughout the duration of the experiment. The initial pH of the chemical is 3.510 while the initial volume of the chemical is 10 0.5 ml making its mass to be 10.19 0.01 g * The estimated size of the plants chosen The chosen plants are of the same size. There is no specific measurement for the plants sizes so therefore, the size is depending on the experimenters justification by fixing the number of leaves present in every plant chosen. This is due to the mechanism of the absorption of the chemical formalin happens through the microscopic opening present on the leaves; the stomata. It is therefore can be predicted that more tiny opening present on the leaves, the more effective would the rate of absorption be. I decided that the total number of leaves is approximately 15-20 leaves depending on the how broad the surface of the leaves is. * The size of the pyramidal transparent chamber The size of the pyramidal transparent chamber is to be made constant by using the same size and number of transparent plastic bags. The size of the plastic bags is 23cm x 38cm and they are cut into same shapes to fit it with the skeleton of the chamber. The base of the chamber is triangular in shape and constant with the area of (50cm x 50cm). 5.2 Materials MATERIALS QUANTITY JUSTIFICATION Formalin 120ml Formalin acts as the toxin in the experiment. Tap Water 5 litres This is used to water the plants everyday for 2 weeks duration. 5.3 Apparatus APPARATUS QUANTITY JUSTIFICATION Boston fern (N. exaltata) 1 pot These are the plants chosen to determine their effectiveness to absorb the formalin. Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 1 pot Florists mum (C. morifolium) 1 pot Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) 1 pot Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 1 pot Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 1 pot pH paper 1 box To check the acidity of formalin every 2 days. pH meter 1 To determine the pH of the formalin every 2 days. Disposable plastic cups 24 To be the base of the pyramidal transparent chamber. Plastic and bamboo chopsticks 54 To be the poles of the pyramidal transparent chamber. Electronic balance 1 To measure the decrease in mass of the liquid formalin for every 2 days. 50ml beaker 6 To place the liquid formalin in each chamber. 50ml measuring cylinder 1 To measure the amount of formalin in each 50ml beaker. Transparent plastics for packaging (23cm x 38cm) 1 pack To become the cover of the chamber. 5.4 Methodology to prepare a chamber for the plant A chamber has to be invented to place the chosen plants, considering the needs of those plants to get sufficient sunlight, air and water. I chose transparent plastics and attach them together to create a pyramidal transparent chamber. Holes were also poked to allow air move into the chamber. I included nine chopsticks to be the poles of chamber. A pole comprised of 3 combined chopsticks. To increase its stability, I poked a hole onto the bases of three disposable plastic cups and inserted the chopsticks into the holes. 5.5 Methodology to determine the change in acidity of formaldehyde After the chamber was set up, I prepared the solution of the toxin chosen; formalin.in a 50ml beaker. 10 0.5 ml of the chemical in each beaker was measured using 50ml measuring cylinder. 6 transparent chambers were set up to place 6 types of plants which were the Boston fern (N. exaltata), Janet Craig (D. deremensis), Florists mum (C. morifolium), Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata), Snake plant (S. trifasciata), and Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera). All the 6 chambers contained different pots of plants and 10ml of formalin in a 50ml beaker. At intervals of 2 days, the mass of the formalin was recorded. The procedure to get the mass of formalin in each chamber was as follows; * Take the reading of the mass of 50ml beaker before filling in the formalin by using electronic balance. Repeat the steps 3 times in order to get the average reading. * Weigh the 50ml beaker containing formalin by using electronic balance. Repeat the procedure 3 times in order to get the average reading. The reading of the mass of the formalin + 50ml beaker at intervals of 2 days was recorded. The mass of the formalin was determined by subtracting the average value of the mass of formalin + 50ml beaker with the average mass of the 50ml beaker. The pH was again checked by using pH paper and also pH meter for 2 weeks. The change in colour of the pH paper and the reading of the pH meter were noted and documented. Each of the plants in the chamber was watered once a day using tap water. The amount of tap water must was 20ml per watering and watering time was at 10.30 a.m and 4.00 p.m. every day. Condition for each of the plants was observed for interval time of 2 days. All of results were recorded in a table. 5.5.1 Precaution 1. Beware while handling formalin because it is a dangerous chemical. Since a high concentration of formaldehyde will be used in the experiment, [13]it may cause burning sensation to the eyes, nose and lungs. Thus it could result in allergic reaction because of formalin. 2. Be cautious when building the pyramidal transparent chamber especially when dealing with the bamboo sticks. Avoid any sharp splinter of the bamboo stick from piercing into the skin. 6.0 Data collection TABLE 1: THE pH of FORMALIN IN EACH TRANSPARENT CHAMBER WITH DIFFERENT PLANTS IN 14 DAYS Transparent chamber containing plants Value of Ph of formalin in each transparent chamber according to number of days 2 days 4 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days Boston fern (N. exaltata Bostoniensis) 3.510 3.550 3.570 4.020 4.130 4.260 4.310 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 3.510 3.570 3.580 4.020 4.070 4.210 4.430 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 3.510 3.570 3.590 4.120 4.200 4.320 4.620 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 3.510 3.510 3.520 4.010 4.030 4.050 4.110 Snake plant (S. trifasciata Laurentii) 3.510 3.370 3.360 4.030 4.030 4.030 4.030 Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 3.510 3.370 3.370 3.350 3.350 3.350 3.350 Note: The pH of formalin in each beaker was checked at the same interval to ensure that none of the formalin being absorbed more by their respective plants. The time that they were checked was at a range of 4.00 p.m. until 4.45 p.m. 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? TABLE 2: MASS OF FORMALIN + 50ml BEAKER IN EACH CHAMBER CONTAINING DIFFERENT PLANTS IN 14 DAYS Transparent chamber containing plants Mass of formalin + 50ml beaker in each transparent chamber 0.01g 2 days 4 days 6 days 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd Boston fern (N. exaltata) 46.950 46.960 46.960 46.530 46.540 46.550 46.230 46.220 46.220 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 46.910 46.910 46.910 46.520 46.520 46.510 46.310 46.310 46.310 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 46.940 46.940 46.950 46.610 46.600 46.610 46.350 46.340 46.350 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) 46.970 46.970 46.970 46.620 46.620 46.640 46.430 46.410 46.410 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 46.920 46.910 46.910 46.620 46.630 46.610 46.420 46.410 46.430 Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) 46.940 46.940 46.930 46.780 46.790 46.790 46.720 46.710 46.720 Note: The mass of the formalin was measured at intervals of 2 days and it was at a range of time from 4.00 p.m. until 4.45 p.m. 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? Transparent chamber containing plants Mass of formalin + 50ml beaker in each transparent chamber 0.01g 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd Boston fern (N. exaltata) 46.010 46.030 46.040 45.480 45.480 45.470 45.210 45.220 45.220 44.950 44.960 44.980 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 45.520 45.530 45.530 45.030 45.030 45.020 44.960 44.960 44.920 44.580 44.590 44.580 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 45.550 45.550 45.560 45.220 45.210 45.220 44.940 44.940 44.950 44.130 44.130 44.140 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) 45.500 45.510 45.510 45.320 45.350 45.350 44.980 44.980 44.990 44.220 44.230 44.230 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 45.890 45.900 45.890 45.530 45.530 45.530 45.140 45.140 45.120 44.970 44.960 44.970 Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) 46.680 46.680 46.680 46.340 46.340 46.320 46.290 46.290 47.300 46.250 46.240 46.250 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? Transparent chamber containing plants Change in colour of pH paper 2 days 4 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days Boston fern (N. exaltata) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Yellow leaves Brown Leaves Florists mum (C.morifolium) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Wilted flowers Wilted flowers Yellow leaves Yellow leaves K. queen fern (N. obliterata) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves H. Balsam (I. glandulifera) Green leaves Green leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Brown leaves Brown leaves TABLE 3: DAILY CONDITION OF PLANTS IN THE TRANSPARENT CHAMBERS IN 14 DAYS Note: Only Florists mum (C.morifolium) in this experiment has flowers. When the edges of the leaves becoming brown or yellow, it is indicated as having brown leaves or yellow leaves. The font in italic form indicates the adverse change onto the plants. 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? TABLE 4: CHANGE IN COLOUR OF pH PAPER WHEN pH OF FORMALIN FOR A DURATION OF TWO WEEKS Transparent chamber containing plants Change in colour of pH paper 2 days 4 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days Boston fern (N. exaltata ) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Florists mum (C. morifolium) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange K. queen fern (N. obliterata) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange H. Balsam (I. glandulifera) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Note: The original colour of the pH paper is light yellow in colour 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? 7.0 Data processing 7.1 pH difference of formalin I discover that there are some changes in pH of the formalin in the transparent chamber. The following table shows the total difference in the final and the initial pH of the formalin in each transparent chamber. TABLE 5: DIFFERENCE IN pH OF FORMALIN IN EACH TRANSPARENT CHAMBER Transparent chamber containing plants Final pH Initial pH Difference in pH Boston fern (N. exaltata) 4.310 3.510 0.800 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 4.430 3.510 0.920 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 4.620 3.510 1.110 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 4.110 3.510 0.600 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 4.030 3.510 0.520 Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 3.350 3.510 0.160 Note: The method to calculate the pH of formalin in chamber containing Himalayan Balsam is inverted, since the pH value decreased so that negative value can be ignored. 7.2 Data for mean mass of formalin The following table shows the average mass of formalin + 50ml beaker for 14 days TABLE 6: AVERAGE MASS OF FORMALIN + 50ml BEAKER IN EACH CHAMBER CONTAINING DIFFERENT PLANTS IN 14 DAYS Transparent chamber containing plants Average mass of formalin+50ml beaker in each chamber 0.01g Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 12 Day 14 Boston fern (N. exaltata) 46.960 46.540 46.220 46.030 45.480 45.220 44.960 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 46.910 46.520 46.310 45.530 45.030 44.950 44.580 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 46.940 46.610 46.350 45.550 45.220 44.540 44.130 K. queen fern (N. obliterate) 46.970 46.630 46.420 45.510 45.340 44.980 44.240 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 46.910 46.620 46.420 45.890 45.330 45.130 44.970 H. Balsam (I. glandulifera 46.940 46.790 46.720 46.680 46.330 46.290 44.250 Note: The average masses were obtained by totaling up the three mass values in three trials, and divide it into three. 7.3 Graph for the decreasing mass of formalin In order to get a graph of decrease in mass of formalin from day 0 to day 14, the real mass of formalin is required. Therefore, the table of mass of formalin for a duration of 14 days is made as follows. The formulation to calculate the mass of formalin in each beaker would be; Mass of formalin= [(Average mass of formalin+50ml beaker)- Average mass of 50ml beaker] TABLE 7: MASS OF FORMALIN IN EVERY 50ml BEAKER CONTAINED IN TRANSPARENT CHAMBER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS Transparent chamber containing plants Mass of formalin 0.01g [(Average mass of formalin+50ml beaker) Average mass of 50ml beaker] Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 12 Day 14 Boston fern (N. exaltata) 10.170 9.750 9.430 9.240 8.690 8.430 8.170 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 10.120 9.730 9.520 8.740 8.240 8.160 7.790 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 10.150 9.820 9.560 8.760 8.430 8.150 7.340 K. queen fern (N. obliterate) 10.180 9.840 9.630 8.760 8.430 8.150 7.450 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 10.120 9.830 9.630 9.100 8.540 8.340 8.180 H. Balsam (I. glandulifera 10.150 10.000 9.930 9.890 9.540 9.500 9.460 Note: The average mass of one 50ml beaker is 36.79 0.1g. This value was used to calculate the mass above. The bar graph of decrease in mass of the formalin against number of days for each beaker containing formalin in every transparent chamber is as follows; graph 1: decrease in mass of the formalin against number of days for each beaker containing formalin in every transparent chamber Note: The graph shows quite obvious inclination of mass of formalin in all chambers except for the H. Balsam (I. glandulifera) 7.4 Mass and percentage of formalin absorbed The initial average mass of the 10ml formalin in the 50ml beaker is 46.980 0.01g and the average mass of the 50ml beaker alone is 36.790 0.01g making the mass of the 10.000 0.1 ml formalin poured in to be 10.190 0.01g. From the data, there is a decreasing pattern of the mass of the formalin in the 50ml beaker. The percentage of decrease in mass of the 10.000 0.1 ml formalin in 14 days of time in respective transparent chamber of plants can be determined. Before that, the mass of formalin absorbed in all the 6 transparent chambers must be d up. Calculation is as follows; TABLE 8: MASS OF FORMALIN ABSORBED BY PLANTS IN EACH CHAMBER Name of plants in each chamber Mass of formalin absorbed [Initial mass (10.190)- Mass on the14th day] 0.01g Boston fern (N. exaltata) 2.020 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 2.400 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 2.850 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 2.740 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 2.010 H. Balsam (I. glandulifera 0.730 Note: The mass of formalin absorbed by plants in each chamber is referring to the decrease in mass of formalin throughout the 12 days duration. It is possible to calculate the percentage of decrease in mass of formalin absorbed by using the formulation below. The table below shows the percentage in respective 50ml beaker of formalin in all 6 chambers; Percentage of decrease in = Mass of formalin absorbed x 100% mass of formalin Initial mass of formalin TABLE 9: PERCENTAGE DECREASE IN MASS OF FORMALIN IN THE 50ml BEAKER IN RESPECTIVE TRANSPARENT CHAMBER Transparent chamber containing plants Percentage of decrease in mass of formalin absorbed Percentage of decrease in mass of formalin (%) Boston fern (N. exaltata) 2.020/10.190 x 100 19.820 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 2.400/10.190 x 100 23.550 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 2.850/10.190 x 100 27.970 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 2.740/10.190 x 100 26.890 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 2.010/10.190 x 100 19.730 Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 0.730/10.190 x 100 7.160 Note: The comparison of decrease in mass of formalin in beaker is based on the initial mass of formalin in the beaker. The greater the percentage of decrease in masses of formalin, the better the quality of air in the chamber, the better formalin absorber would the plant be. The following diagram shows the ascending order of the quality of plant as formalin absorber. Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Boston fern (N. exaltata) Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) Florists mum (C. morifolium) 7.5 Calculation for mean, standard deviation and T-test TABLE 10 : TABLE OF MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION FOR EVERY PLANTS CHOSEN Mass 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Florists mum (C. morifolium) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 1st trial 2.000 2.330 2.810 2.000 1.950 0.690 2nd trial 2.000 2.320 2.810 2.740 1.950 0.700 3rd trial 1.980 2.330 2.810 2.740 1.940 0.680 Mean 1.993 2.327 2.810 2.493 1.947 0.690 Std. Dev 0.009 0.005 0.000 0.349 0.005 0.008 Note: The mean was determined by getting the difference of mass of formalin between 14th day with the 0 day; initial mass. The formulation to calculate t-test is as follows; t-value =_____difference in mean___ difference of standard error TABLE 11: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MASS DECREASE MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND JANET CRAIG (D. deremensis) Mass 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Difference between Boston fern and Janet Craig 1 trial 2.000 2.330 0.330 2 trial 2.000 2.320 0.320 3 trial 1.980 2.330 0.340 Mean 1.993 2.327 0.330 Std. Dev 0.009 0.005 0.008 Std. Error 1.151 1.343 0.191 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.728 Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Janet Craig (D. deremensis) | t | = 1.728 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant TABLE 12: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MASS DECREASE MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND FLORISTS MUM (C. morifolium) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Florists mum (C. morifolium) Mass 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Florists mum (C. morifolium) Difference between Boston fern and Florists mum 1 trial 2.000 2.810 0.810 2 trial 2.000 2.810 0.810 3 trial 1.980 2.810 0.810 Mean 1.993 2.810 0.810 Std. Dev 0.009 0.000 0.000 Std. Error 1.151 1.622 0.468 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.731 | t | = 1.731 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 13: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND KIMBERLY QUEEN FERN (N. obliterata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Mass 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Difference between Boston fern and Kimberly queen fern 1 trial 2.000 2.000 0.810 2 trial 2.000 2.740 0.810 3 trial 1.980 2.740 0.810 Mean 1.993 2.493 0.810 Std. Dev 0.009 0.349 0.000 Std. Error 1.151 1.439 0.468 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.730 | t | = 1.730 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 14: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND SNAKE PLANT (S. trifasciata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Mass 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Difference between Boston fern and Snake plant 1 trial 2.000 1.950 0.050 2 trial 2.000 1.950 0.050 3 trial 1.980 1.940 0.040 Mean 1.993 1.950 0.050 Std. Dev 0.009 0.005 0.005 Std. Error 1.151 1.126 0.029 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.724 | t | = 1.724 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 15: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND HIMALAYAN BALSAM (I. glandulifera) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Mass 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Difference between Boston fern and Himalayan Balsam 1 trial 2.000 0.690 1.310 2 trial 2.000 0.700 1.300 3 trial 1.980 0.680 1.300 Mean 1.993 0.690 1.303 Std. Dev 0.009 0.008 0.005 Std. Error 1.151 0.398 0.752 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.733 | t | = 1.733 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 16: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN JANET CRAIG (D. deremensis) AND FLORISTS MUM (C. morifolium) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Janet Craig (D. deremensis) and Florists mum (C. morifolium) Mass 0.01g Plants Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Florists mum (C. morifolium) Difference between Janet Craig and Florists mum 1 trial 2.330 2.810 0.480 2 trial 2.320 2.810 0.490 3 trial 2.330 2.810 0.480 Mean 2.327 2.810 0.483 Std. Dev 0.005 0.000 0.005 Std. Error 1.343 1.622 0.279 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.732 | t | = 1.732 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 17: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN JANET CRAIG (D. deremensis) AND KIMBERLY QUEEN FERN (N. obilterata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Janet Craig (D. deremensis) and Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Mass 0.01g Plants Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Difference between Janet Craig and Kimberly queen fern 1 trial 2.330 2.000 0.330 2 trial 2.320 2.740 0.420 3 trial 2.330 2.740 0.410 Mean 2.327 2.493 0.387 Std. Dev 0.005 0.349 0.040 Std. Error 1.343 1.440 0.223 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.734 | t | = 1.734 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 18: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN JANET CRAIG (D. deremensis) AND SNAKE PLANT (S. trifasciata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Janet Craig (D. deremensis) and Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Mass 0.01g Plants Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Difference between Janet Craig and Snake plant 1 trial 2.330 1.950 0.380 2 trial 2.320 1.950 0.370 3 trial 2.330 1.940 0.390 Mean 2.327 1.950 0.380 Std. Dev 0.005 0.005 0.008 Std. Error 1.343 1.126 0.219 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.735 | t | = 1.735 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 19: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN JANET CRAIG (D. deremensis) AND HIMALAYAN BALSAM (I. glandulifera) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Janet Craig (D. deremensis) and Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Mass 0.01g Plants Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Difference between Janet Craig and Himalayan Balsam 1 trial 2.330 0.690 1.640 2 trial 2.320 0.700 1.620 3 trial 2.330 0.680 1.650 Mean 2.327 0.690 1.640 Std. Dev 0.005 0.008 0.013 Std. Error 1.343 0.398 0.947 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.732 | t | = 1.732 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 20: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN FLORISTS MUM (C. morifolium) AND KIMBERLY QUEEN FERN (N. obliterata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Florists mum (C. morifolium) and Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Mass 0.01g Plants Florists mum (C. morifolium) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Difference between Florists mum and Kimberly queen fern 1 trial 2.810 2.000 0.810 2 trial 2.810 2.740 0.070 3 trial 2.810 2.740 0.070 Mean 2.810 2.493 0.327 Std. Dev 0.000 0.349 0.349 Std. Error 1.622 1.439 0.189 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.730 | t | = 1.730 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 21: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN FLORISTS MUM (C. morifolium) AND SNAKE PLANT (S. trifasciata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Florists mum (C. morifolium) and Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Mass 0.01g Plants Florists mum (C. morifolium) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Difference between Florists mum and Snake plant 1 trial 2.810 1.950 0.860 2 trial 2.810 1.950 0.860 3 trial 2.810 1.940 0.870 Mean 2.810 1.950 0.860 Std. Dev 0.000 0.005 0.005 Std. Error 1.622 1.126 0.497 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.730 | t | = 1.730 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 22: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN FLORISTS MUM (C. morifolium) AND HIMALAYAN BALSAM (I. glandulifera) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Florists mum (C. morifolium) and Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) Mass 0.01g Plants Florists mum (C. morifolium) Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Difference between Florists mum and Himalayan Balsam 1 trial 2.810 0.690 2.120 2 trial 2.810 0.700 2.110 3 trial 2.810 0.680 2.130 Mean 2.810 0.690 2.120 Std. Dev 0.000 0.008 0.008 Std. Error 1.622 0.398 1.223 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.733 | t | = 1.733 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 23: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN KIMBERLY QUEEN FERN (N. obliterata) AND SNAKE PLANT (S. trifasciata) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) and Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Mass 0.01g Plants Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Difference between Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 1 trial 2.000 1.950 0.050 2 trial 2.740 1.950 0.790 3 trial 2.740 1.940 0.800 Mean 2.493 1.950 0.547 Std. Dev 0.349 0.005 0.351 Std. Error 1.439 1.126 0.316 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.731 | t | = 1.731 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 24: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN KIMBERLY QUEEN FERN (N. obliterata) AND HIMALAYAN BALSAM (I. glandulifera) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) and Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Mass 0.01g Plants Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Difference between Kimberly queen fern and Himalayan Balsam 1 trial 2.000 0.690 1.310 2 trial 2.740 0.700 2.040 3 trial 2.740 0.680 2.060 Mean 2.493 0.690 1.803 Std. Dev 0.349 0.008 0.349 Std. Error 1.439 0.398 1.041 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.732 | t | = 1.732 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. TABLE 25: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MEAN BETWEEN SNAKE PLANT (S. trifasciata) AND HIMALAYAN BALSAM (I. glandulifera) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Snake plant (S. trifasciata) and Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Mass 0.01g Plants Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) Difference between Snake plant and Himalayan Balsam 1 trial 1.950 0.690 1.260 2 trial 1.950 0.700 1.250 3 trial 1.940 0.680 2.620 Mean 1.950 0.690 1.710 Std. Dev 0.005 0.008 0.643 Std. Error 1.126 0.398 0.987 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.733 | t | = 1.732 4.300 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant. 7.6 Analysis on mass of formalin From my prediction, only the indoor plants could eliminate indoor pollutants; as in this case the chemical formalin. While the outdoor plants are unable to do so. But I found out that decrease in mass of formalin in the entire 50ml beakers that contained the chemical is influenced by the ineffectiveness of the transparent chamber, which therefore rejects the theory that indoor plants transpiration alone could remove the pollutant. The ineffectiveness is referring to the external air movement that causes evaporation of formalin. According to the data processed, the percentage of formalin absorbed by each of the plants shows a very close difference to one another and it is irrelevant to assume that all the formalin that was lost was via transpiration. Further research was made to explain these big differences. I concluded that the difference in rate of transpiration in plants affect the rate at which volume of formalin is decreased. Thus, the greater the transpiration rates of a plant, the better quality of air it produces. My assumption on this is because of the availability amount of water vapor that could be emitted out by the leaves of the plants is great when the rate of transpiration of a plant is high. This enables more mixing of the water vapor in the atmosphere with the vaporized chemical. This means, there would be more food that is available to be broken down by the microbes at the root system of a plant. Of all the six plants chosen to be experimented, only 4 of them have high transpiration rates. They are Janet Craig (D. deremensis), Boston fern (N. exaltata), Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate), and Florists mum (C. morifolium)[14]. The other two plants which are Snake plant (S. trifasciata) and Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) have a much lower rate of transpiration when compared with the 4 plants. 7.7 Analysis on pH of formalin Formalin is acidic in nature and there should not be any change in pH of the formalin in the beaker because generally, a buffer; carboxylic acid is present in formalin.[15] With the buffer, the solution would be able to resist any change in pH even though there is any external factor that could alter the pH of the solution. Hence, the pH should remain constant. But since there is a change in the value of pH of the formalin contained in the 50ml beaker in all of the 6 transparent chambers, I then make an early assumption that the carboxylic acid that is contained in the solution does not buffer.[16] That was why the pH value of the formalin in the beaker in all of the 6 transparent chambers increased throughout the 14 days duration of experiment. There must be an external factor present in the chamber that affected the acidity of the formalin. Throughout my findings, I found an explanation for this. Formalin acts as a reducing agent.[17] Thus it can undergo oxidation which could relea se its hydrogen.[18] As formalin evaporates, it is being oxidized to become CHO+. The hydrogen would then combine with the water vapour emitted by the plants via transpiration; from H2O, becoming H3O+. These ions which are available in the air would be fixed by the microbes at the roots of the plants, becoming the source of food for the plants. 7.8 Analysis on the external condition of plants The external condition of the plants becoming worse as the experiment was carried out. Alteration of the colour of the edge of the leaves form green to yellow[19] and brown[20] and wilting of flowers[21] was due to the insufficient of water. Thus, it can be said that when the plant is lack of water, it would not be efficient in removing pollutants. The plants got dried up; changing colour from green to brown thus there was no stomata opening because the guard cells die. Eventually, the transfer of chemical downwards to the roots of the plants will not happen. It can be assumed that for plants that got dried up towards the end of experiment that the colour of the leaves started to become brown, the rate at which the mass of formalin decreases was not mainly supported by the process of vaporized chemical being absorbed through the stomata. Perhaps the colonies of bacteria are still present at the roots of the plants with this condition but the rate of decrease of formalin mass is reduc ed, not as rapid as the initial rate. 8.0 Conclusion From the data obtained, I conclude that one of the observable changes in the quantity of the formalin is the mass. This is influenced by the evaporation of the formalin. The percentage of formalin that could evaporate is minimized by having the transparent chamber to cover the plant and 10ml of formalin which means the evaporation of formalin was not greatly affected by wind movement. It is therefore possible for chosen indoor plants; Janet Craig (D. deremensis), Boston fern (N. exaltata), Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate), Florists mum (C. morifolium), Snake plant (S. trifasciata) and Boston fern (N. exaltata) to remove the toxin, formaldehyde as there is quite large decrease in the mass of the formalin. Though Snake plant (S. trifasciata) does not have a high transpiration rate, it can still remove formalin quite large in quantity. I believe that this is affected by the factors such as number of holes poked onto the chamber, the external wind movement and some more mentioned in t he evaluation part. (Please refer to 9.0) As for Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera), an example of outdoor plant, it is probably able to remove indoor pollutant but just in small percentage as seen in the ranking done in the data processing, this plant provides the lowest quality of air in the chamber due to contamination by the pollutant formalin. It could just remove formalin for about 7.160% in 14 days duration. Besides, the only plant that experienced a rapid external change was Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera). The edges of the leaves become brown on the twelfth day. One of the closest possibilities is due to the failure of the experimenter to follow the period of watering everyday that it received less water.[22] It might be due to a very small surface area of this plant that it was deficient for it to cope with the concentrated amount of formalin in the chamber added as before the experiment was conducted properly, I have tried including the same amount of formalin in a chamber containing less than 10 leaves and the same result occurred during the 8 day interval. Referring to the T-test in table 11 to table 25, all of the t- values were rejected because it lied in the critical region. The null hypothesis selected suggested that there was no significance between the differences of mass decrease between the plants. For the data to correspond with the predicted result, null hypothesis should be accepted. But because the pattern of formalin mass decreasing was too small from one interval to another, some of the values of standard deviation obtained are zero. That was why the mass differences between the plants are not significant when the t-values are all less than the critical value at 5% level which is 4.300. Thus, the null hypothesis stated that the mass differences are not significant to each other. This did not indicate the unreliability of the data but it showed that limitations and weaknesses were present in the experiment. There is an increase in pH of the formalin and the pattern somehow shows that the acidity of the chemical has already decreased. The assumption made through the research made for this experiment was indoor plants have the ability to get rid of formaldehyde, one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home nowadays. 9.0 Evaluation There were several weaknesses in the procedure throughout the experiment. I have come out with some suggestions on what to be improved on the aspect of methodology and the aspect of apparatus and materials used so that the experiment would give a reliable result when it is repeated in the future. Regarding the technique to measure the acidity of chemical formalin, I found out that it was unreliable. The pH meter sometimes failed to function well. Sometimes, pH meter detect acidic chemical to be having a pH value more than 7. It is highly suggested to use colourimeter because this instrument could give the exact concentration of hydrogen, H+ in the solution[23] enabling the calculation of its pH by using the following formulation; pH= -log10 (concentration of H+ ions) Next, there was failure to exactly follow the watering time for all plants in the chamber which eventually affected the external condition of plants. Thus, a time table has to be prepared in the future so that the watering time is made standard each day. Other than that, there was a pot of plant with one of its leaves had fallen into the beaker containing formalin. This should not happen because it could have left effect onto the acidity of the formalin. Place the beaker of formalin further from the pot of plant in the chamber so that neither leaves nor flowers would fall into the beaker. Lastly, number of holes poked onto some of the transparent chambers which were not fixed. In my opinion, this is one of the causes of inefficiency of the chamber. The more holes present, the more rapid would the evaporation of chemical be. Therefore, fix the number of holes poked. For a better result, use a square plastic aquarium being inverted with 2 square polystyrene as its base. This would allow less movement of air but able to provide oxygen for the plants in the camber. All in all, the hypothesis of the experiment is accepted. It is proven that the indoor plants are able to remove indoor pollutants while plants that are not indoor plants are able to remove indoor pollutants with a lower rate. Thus the public can now use this concept to provide good air quality at homes. 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